Is there proof the Tower of Babel account a true account historically ? I will explore this in this article. Here is Genesis chapter 11

וַיְהִ֥י כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים:

And it was that the earth was of one language and words were uniform.

יְהִ֖י בְּנָסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם:

And it was, that they traveled from the east and found a valley in the land of Shinar and they dwelt there.

Here are verse 3 -9 in English because I’m not going to make issue with the Hebrew on these verses.

3 They said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them in the fire.” So they had bricks for building-stone and clay for mortar. ⁴ Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city with a tower that has its top reaching up into heaven, so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered all over the earth.”

⁵ Adonai came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. ⁶ Adonai said, “Look, the people are united, they all have a single language, and see what they’re starting to do! At this rate, nothing they set out to accomplish will be impossible for them! ⁷ Come, let’s go down and confuse their language, so that they won’t understand each other’s speech.” ⁸ So from there Adonai scattered them all over the earth, and they stopped building the city. ⁹ For this reason it is called Bavel [confusion] — because there Adonai confused the language of the whole earth, and from there Adonai scattered them all over the earth.

So verse 1 establishes that at one time all humans spoke on language and all language came from one source. The Hebrew text is explicit on this matter; all the earth was one language כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת and uniform words  וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים.

When they traveled from the the east  בְּנָסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם , this says mikedem “from the east”, this is important because some texts state “to the east” but the Hebrew is clear. This matters because historically settlements found in Turkiye pre-date those found in Mesopotamia. We know know that Noach’s Ark landed somewhere in Turkiye, Armenia or northeastern Iran because that is where the Ararat mountains are located.

Here is Genesis chapter 8:4

תָּ֤נַח הַתֵּבָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י אֲרָרָֽט:

And the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat.

This says harei Ararat הָרֵ֥י אֲרָרָֽט , that is in plural “mountains of Ararat” not Mt Ararat, so the Ark may not have landed in Turkiye exactly.

Looking for an easier life as Gen.11 says people traveled from the east and settled in the valley that Genesis/Breishit calls Shinar but was what is commonly known as Sumer as the Akkadians called it but they called the land “Kengir” meaning, place of nobles. The Kengir called their language Emegir and often referred to themselves as “The black headed people” as did the Akkadians who later conquered Sumer/Kengir. There is not an absolute consensus on where the Kengir came from but I believe (my opinion) the central Asian steppe makes more sense than Egypt, with the flood of the Nile and it’s prosperity why leave Egypt.

Here is the first part of the Bible I want to prove is that the oldest human civilization was in the Central Asian steppe near the landing of Noah’s Ark.

Also all the oldest known proven human civilization goes back to Turkiye like Gobekli Tepe (potbelly hill) and Catalhoyuk (fork mound), nothing as old as what has been discovered in Turkiye has ever been found in Egypt or Arabia. So the evidence clearly points to an eastern origin of the Kengir people and the human race in general. Even though I am writing from a Biblically centered perspective and we do not generally believe in the older dates that modern science gives. However the dating of 9500 bce to Gobekli Tepe shows that human civilization around the area of the Ark landing pre-dates any other human civilization. Catalhoyuk dates to 7500 bce and is the second oldest known human settlement after Gobekli Tepe. There has not been any older place of human civilization found by known modern history. So the account in Genesis is backed up by science and history. So Genesis is right “They came from the east and settled in Shinar (Sumer, Kengir or modern southern Iraq).

We have by by mutual agreement shown that the Bible is right that early human civilization was in the Anatolian Steppe and then people went west to the fertile crescent in Mesopotamia in modern Iraq for the agriculture. This below is from Wikipedia .

“Evidence indicates the inhabitants of Göbekli Tepe were hunter-gatherers who supplemented their diet with early forms of domesticated cereal and lived in villages for at least part of the year. Tools such as grinding stones, mortars, and pestles found at the site have been analysed and suggest considerable cereal processing. Archaeozoological evidence hints at “large-scale hunting of gazelle between midsummer and autumn”

So consistent with scripture humans were hunter-gatherers after the flood , until they moved west to Sumer and made agricultural settlelments.

Now let us move on to point 2, there was once only one language!

First let us deal with the elephant in the room, Proto-Indo-European. This connects a large portion of languages from northwestern Europe to India. These languages Biblically are associated with Yafet (aka Japheth) the eldest son of Noah. So let us look at this language family. From the European side came :

Anatolian branch : Hittite, Lydian, Luwian and a few other extinct languages.

Albanian: Albanian.

Armenian: Armenian.

Greek: And all Hellenic languages.

Italic/Latin: Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Romanian, Portuguese etc…

Celtic: Brittonic, Irish, Scotch Gaelic, Welsh, Pitctish etc…

Germanic: German, Danish, Dutch, English, Norwegian, Swedish, Yiddish.

Tocharian: A northwestern Chinese language

Balto-Slavic: Baltic languages

• Latvian, Latgalian, Lithuanian, Polish, KashubianCzech, Slovak, Sorbian,Bulgarian, Slovene, Macedonian, Church Slavonic (liturgical) Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Rusyn, Polish, Czech and Slovak, Bosnia, Croatian and Serbian etc…

That covers all the non Uralic European languages in common use or historical prominence. Now let us look as the Indo-Iranian side.

Iranian: Scythian, Avestan, Old Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Vedic, Sanscrit, Hindi, Punjabi, Tajik, Bengali, Urdu and most other central Asian and Indian languages. You can look up the language charts to confirm the accuracy of all this information. So another question is were the Yamnaya the Proto-Indo-Europeans?

so let us explore the matter of were the Yamnaya the Proto-Indo-Europeans?

After the flood the Ark landed in the mountains of Ararat, not on Mt Ararat itself it does not say.This here from Genesis 8:4 says this הָרֵ֥י אֲרָרָֽט and this reads literally “mountains (plural) of Ararat” the word in question is harei which is plural not har which is singular. The Ararat mountain range are in the three countries of Turkey, Armenia and Iran. We will talk today about the descendent’s of Yafet or Japheth, for this article I will call who English Bibles call Japheth, Yafet, from here on out.

We know from scripture that from the Ark landing in central Asia people went west to Shinar (that is ancient Sumer) where the rivers provided good crops and the the catastrophe of Babel happened and people were then disbursed. It is known that Yafet’s son Javan populated the Greek Islands and Rome around the Mediterranean Sea and even maybe Phoenicia and so the descendants of Javan or Yavan went west and north after Babel. We will not deal with these people.

Next is Madai another son of Yefet and here is from the book of Jubilees.

“According to the Book of Jubilees (10:35-36), Madai had married a daughter of Shem, and preferred to live among Shem’s descendants, rather than dwell in his allotted inheritance beyond the Black Sea (seemingly corresponding to the British Isles),^[3] so he begged his brothers-in-law, Elam, Asshur and Arphaxad, until he finally received from them the land that was named after him, Media.”

It appears that Madai mixed with Arabs and became Medes and the Kurds and other proto Iranians. Kurdish folkore has Madai as a patriarch.

Togarmah I believe is the ancestors of Armenia which is perfectly situated just south of Russia and Europe and north of Iran and east of Anatolia and the Hittites (who may came from Shem’s son Lud or from descendants of Togarmah or a mix of both. It appears the Hittites spoke an Indo European language but wrote with Cuneiform which was a script from modern day Iraq or ancient Sumer. Tiras seems to have settled in and around parts of Greece and the Balkans with association with Thrace and also the Etruscans.

Here is my idea, the descendants of Yafet went east into central Asia. Ashkenaz went north and settled with the Slavs who were of Magog and Russians. Ashkenaz and the Slavs were pushed west by Huns and Mongols and other Turkic peoples. The Slavs settled eastern Europe and Ashkenaz’s descendants settled Germany, Netherland and Scandinavia. So Riphath settled the Celtic lands from the Czech Republic and even as far east as parts of Poland and of course Gaul. So of course the British Isles also but what about Togarmah though. Was Yafet the Patriach of the Yamnaya? Did the sons of Yafet settle on the central Asian steppe and Ashkenaz’s sons headed west later on crossing the Danube and becoming the Goths and then Germanic and Scandinavian people. Did Riphath go north from the steppe into the Ural mountains and become Celtics settling western Europe.

Here is a citation on Riphath

“August Wilhelm Knobel proposed that Riphath begat the Celtic peoples, who according to Plutarch had crossed from the Riphaean Mountains while en route to Northern Europe. ^[7] Smith’s Bible Dictionary also forwards Knobel’s notion that the Carpathian Mountains “in the northeast of Dacia” is the site of the Riphath or Riphean Mountains.”

Could this explain the distribution of Uralic languages in Europe like Finnish, Estonian and Saami. There was a clear migration from the Ural area to central and western Europe but how did Uralic languages become Celtic then? The oldest known Celtic language, Lepontic was spoken in an area in modern Switzerland called Rhaetia, could this relate to Riphath ,maybe ?

Here is a citation from Bede

“In his work The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, the 8th century Anglo-Saxon monk and writer St. Bede the Venerable described the Picts as people who originated in Scythia and settled in northern Britain: 

• Bede claimed that the Picts sailed from Scythia, the steppes of Eurasia east of the Black Sea, and landed in Ireland. There, local Scoti leaders redirected them to northern Britain, where they settled and married Scoti women”

Modern historians consider the Scythian-Pict connection as debunked but it makes you wonder that even if Scythians did not ancestor the Scottish but could there still have been a central Asian-Celtic connection that runs deeper.Did Uralic people come first to parts around Finland and Estonia and making settlements in northern Scandanavia we call the Saami but some of them went into western Europe for better farming?

Riphath has often been connected with the Riphean Mountains of classical Greek geography, in whose foothills the Arimaspi (also called Arimphaei^[3] or Riphaeans^[4]) were said to live.^[5] These generally regarded as the western branch of the Ural Mountains.

So the Bible seems to connect the Ural mountains with Celtic migration but is there a linguistic link that can be proven.

In the 1980s, Russian linguist N. D. Andreev [ru] (Nikolai Dmitrievich Andreev) proposed a “Borean languages” hypothesis linking the Indo-European, Uralic, and Altaic (including Korean in his later papers) language families. Andreev also proposed 203 lexical roots for his hypothesized Boreal macrofamily. After Andreev’s death in 1997, the Boreal hypothesis was further expanded by Sorin Paliga (2003, 2007).^[5][6]

The Borean theory does not connect Indo European languages with Uralic ones it simply puts them under a single umbrella. It does however put Sumerian on the map which modern historians have never connected with anything so far. So I do find the Borean language family very compelling. I guess for now we are going by a Riphath Ural-Celt connection which I personally think makes sense. Let me throw something out that is just my thinking ,could there be a connection between the Uralic language Mansi and the Celtic Manx ,maybe ?

Now more on Togarmah

“Most scholars identify Togarmah with the capital city called Tegarama by the Hittites and Til-Garimmu by the Assyrians.^[2] O.R. Gurney placed Tegarama in Southeast Anatolia”

“Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 263 – c. 339 AD), and bishop Theodoret (c. 393 – c. 457 AD), regarded him as a father of Armenians. Medieval Jewish traditions linked him with several peoples: Turkic, including the Khazars.”

I would say that right after Babel that descendents of Togarmah may settle the Hittite region as well as Armenia.

From Wikipedia

Hayk^[a] (Armenian: Հայկ, Armenian pronunciation: [hajk]), also known as Hayk Nahapet (Հայկ Նահապետ, Armenian pronunciation: [hajk naha’pɛt], lit. ’Hayk the Patriarch’^[1]), is the legendary patriarch and founder of the Armenian nation. His story is told in the History of Armenia attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi and in the Primary History traditionally attributed to Sebeos. Fragments of the legend of Hayk are also preserved in the works of other authors, as well as in Armenian folk tradition.

The name of the patriarch, Hayk (Հայկ), is not exactly homophonous with the Armenian name for “Armenia,” Haykʻ (Հայք). In Classical Armenian, Haykʻ is the nominative plural of hay (հայ), the Armenian word for “Armenian.” While Robert W. Thomson considers the etymology of Haykʻ (Հայք) from Hayk (Հայկ) to be impossible, other scholars consider the connection between the two to be obvious and derive Hayk from hay/Haykʻ via the suffix -ik. Armen Petrosyan proposes a possible connection between the name Hayk and the Proto-Indo-European *poti- “master, lord, master of the house, husband.” Armenian historiography of the Soviet era connected Hayk and hay with Hayasa, a people mentioned in Hittite inscriptions. Some authors derive Hayk and hay from Khaldi/Ḫaldi, the chief god of the Urartian pantheon, and also identify Hayk with the Urartian deity.

The Armenian word haykakan (հայկական, ‘that which pertains to Armenians’) derives from the name Hayk. Additionally, the poetic names for the Armenian nation, Haykazun (հայկազուն) or Haykazn (հայկազն, consisting of Hayk and azn ‘generation, nation, tribe’), also derive from Hayk (Haykazn/Haykaz later became a masculine given name among Armenians).

Genealogy

In Armenian folklore Hayk was a son of Togramah.

The anonymous Jewish author of the medieval historical chronicle Josippon lists the ten sons of Togarmas in his Josippon as follows:

1. Kwzar (כוזר) (the Khazars)
2. Pyṣynq (פיצינק) (the Pechenegs)
3. ˀln (אלן) (the Alans)
4. Bwlgr (בולגר) (the Bulgars)
5. Knbynˀ (כנבינא) (Kanbina?)
6. Ṭwrq (טורק) (possibly the Göktürks)
7. Bwz (בוז) (Flusser corrected this to כוז **Kwz for Ghuzz “Oghuzes“, east of the Khazars)
8. Zkwk (זכוך) (Zakhukh? or זיכוס **Zykws = Zikhūs, meaning the Northwest Caucasian Zygii?^[11][12]) (or a Zabender people who fled to the Avars from the Turks)
9. ˀwngr (אוגר) (Ungar; either the Hungarians or the Oghurs/Onogurs)
10. Tolmaṣ (תולמץ) (cf. the Pecheneg tribe Βορο-ταλμάτ < *Boru-Tolmaç mentioned by Byzantine emperor Constantine VII).

Could the Oghurs be related to the  Uyghurs of China, I know it above says association with Hungarians but Hungarian is a Uralic language that could have Turkic connections. With the Turks having Siberian connection they must have had Uralic contact at some point (just my opinion).

I would speculate that the children of Togarmah after Babel began the Hittite culture and then went east to Armenia and then farther east to Mongolia and Siberia, and then the land bridge crossing to the America’s. There is also the the possibility that Shem’s son Lud is the Hittite patriach, maybe yes or maybe they mixed with Togarmah. The might explain why the Hittites spoke a proto Iranian language (or proto Indo-European) but used a semitic writing system.

Report Ancient Genomes Reveal Yamnaya-Related Ancestry and a Potential Source of Indo-European Speakers in Iron Age Tianshan.

• •Iron Age Shirenzigou individuals are genetically admixed of east and west Eurasians
• •The west Eurasian ancestry is most like Yamnaya related
• •The east Eurasian ancestry is more like northeast Asian related
• •Strong evidence for the introduction of Indo-European languages into Xinjiang
• Recent studies of early Bronze Age human genomes revealed a massive population expansion by individuals-related to the Yamnaya culture, from the Pontic Caspian steppe into Western and Eastern Eurasia, likely accompanied by the spread of Indo-European languages. The south eastern extent of this migration is currently not known. Modern-day human populations from the Xinjiang region in northwestern China show a complex population history, with genetic links to both Eastern and Western Eurasia. However, due to the lack of ancient genomic data, it remains unclear which source populations contributed to the Xinjiang population and what was the timing and the number of admixture events. Here, we report the first genome-wide data of 10 ancient individuals from northeastern Xinjiang. They are dated to around 2,200 years ago and were found at the Iron Age Shirenzigou site. We find them to be already genetically admixed between Eastern and Western Eurasians. We also find that the majority of the East Eurasian ancestry in the Shirenzigou individuals is-related to northeastern Asian populations, while the West Eurasian ancestry is best presented by ∼20% to 80% Yamnaya-like ancestry. Our data thus suggest a Western Eurasian steppe origin for at least part of the ancient Xinjiang population. Our findings furthermore support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Basin, in southern Xinjiang.

( Here is a link to the whole article)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219307717

I think we can say with good certainty that the Yamnaya were the children of Yafet AKA The Proto Indo-Europeans, Turks who became both western Chinese (Mongols) and North And South American people. For it is known that North and South America were populated by crossing from Siberia to Alaska, and Turkic Siberian people likely of Scythian origin were those Siberians with great likelihood. The Dene-Caucasian language theory brings this validity.

Let us now look at the table of nations and put forth a theory.

After the flood all of Noah’s children spoke one language and then at some point in time to which Genesis does not specify exactly. A tower or ziggurat was built in ancient Sumer who I have identified as Etana of Kish ( my theory only ). Then a language catastrophe happened as a result but who was patient zero as they say and can we work back and find out? It mentions Kush and Nimrod so we are dealing the grandchildren or even great grandchildren of Noah’s children. So if Kush and Nimrod were involved in Babel and Kush was the son of Cham, then Yefet, Cham and Shem all spoke one language.

From Deuteronomy 32.8-9

8 When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance,
    when he divided all mankind,
he set up boundaries for the peoples
    according to the number of the sons of Israel.
⁹ For the Lord’s portion is his people,
    Jacob his allotted inheritance. (the Dead Sea scrolls say children of God/angels as opposed to children of Israel)

I will not attempt to identify 70 nation however because it is speculative ,we know some of the big stuff but I won’t attempt to specify 70 nations because it would be impossible to be precise because there is disagreement on the issue.

Let us start with Ubaid period or The Proto-Euphratean period ,this was when after the ark landing people settled in Sumer coming from the east (Genesis 11.1-2) Shinar is Sumer and this is when the proto Adamic language was spoken or we could call it “Proto Emegir” (that is what Sumerians or the “Kengir” called their language) And Emegir or Sumerian has no known source or language it connects with which I believe it’s proof of the language catastrophe at Babel. I will deal with language families not Nations themselves.

We know Abraham was from Ur so we know but so was Kush a son of Cham and although scholars call Canaanite a Semitic language Canaan was of Cham. lets get back to southern Iraq, there were both Semtites and Cushites but more of the children of Kush went to Africa.

We will say from Proto Emegir came Akkadian the first Semitic language known which evolved into Old Aramaic which is eastern Branch of the Semitc languages, with Ugaritic, Hebrew and Arabic making up the western half of Semitic languages.The countries of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and parts of Iraq and all of Arabia make up the full children of Shem or the Semites. Let us remember the genetic line is not pure there are descendents of Kush in the Aramaic and Arabic speaking people ,Cushetic-Semitic mixture is high I suspect especially in modern day Iraq.

From Proto Emegir came Kush who settled much of parts of the Middle East and North Africa. The Egyptians came from Mitzraim and the original Canaanites and Phoenicians until those areas where replaced with the Semitic Edomites later on. Then from Fut came Berber which was the north African language before the Muslim conquests. Also from Fut came Chadic which connects the lower Sahara with Sub-Saharan Africans.

Then from Proto Emegir came the Yamnaya’s who went east from Sumer who were the children of Yafet (Japheth) and the whole first article focused on them. Populating Europe, Central Asia, India, Siberia, western China, the Turk lands in between and also the Dene people or that is natives of the America’s.

This here from the National Library of Medicine.

Africa, India and Madagascar were once part of the supercontinent of Gondwana. This land mass began to fragment approx. 170 million years ago, and by 83 million years, all of the major components we recognize today were separated by tracts of water. Madagascar’s fossil record and estimates of the timing of the extant vertebrate radiations in Madagascar are not easily reconciled with this history of fragmentation. Fossil faunas that lived prior to approx. 65 million years had a cosmopolitan flavour, but this was lost after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.

Aside from the fact we do not believe that the earth is anywhere near 170 million years it shows migration from Africa to Asia and also Oceania is quite feasible. I believe far southern Asia, Oceania, India and Australia are heavily intermixed. Which is exactly what God wanted ,God wanted variety or else he would not have scattered humanity.

So we hypothesize that the sons of Yafet accept for Yavan who populated Greece and the Islands were the Yamnaya, the ancient steppe people who would populate Europe and central Asia and also via the Scythians the Turks and Mongols and other western Chinese tribes, and also Native Americans who came from Siberia. This below is from Wikipedia.

From Wikipedia

The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian. Other languages with over 100,000 speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt and Komi spoken in European Russia. Still smaller minority languages are Sámi languages of the northern Fennoscandia; other members of the Finnic languages, ranging from Livonian in northern Latvia to Karelian in northwesternmost Russia; the Samoyedic languages and the other members of the Ugric languages, Mansi and Khanty spoken in Western Siberia

So the Scythians were likely Proto Turks and Mongols who make the Steppe-Siberian connection. Although not proven the “Borean Language theory does not connect the Proto-Indo-Europeans with the Uralics, but puts them under one umbrella. We can theorize that the Uralic people were Scythian who were Proto-Indo-European. On that note let us take a deeper look at Shem and Cham’s children now that we know that Yafet or Japheth populated much of the world via the Yamnaya.

Now to the sons of Shem or Semitic languages.

Here is Genesis 10:22

בְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וַֽאֲרָֽם

The sons of Shem (are) Eilam and Ashur and Arpakhshad and Lud and Aram.

From Eilam came people of far eastern Iran and they make have intermingled with Yamnayian or European eastern Iranians. The ancestors of Eilam are likely lost in Indo Iranian people and no longer Semitic at all.

Ashur is the father of of Assyrian people and it is unclear exactly where this was originally. Genesis says that Nimrod and Kush of the Chamitic line founded Akkad but linguists say Akkadian was a Semitic language. There may have been intermingling between Semitic and Hamitic people in early Meopotamia. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire the obviously Semitic Assyrians took the Akkadian lands for the most part to which Chadea who conquered them were a part of. Also the fact that a Nimrod a descendant of Cham or Ham may have founded Akkad but that did not mean Semites were living there and mixed in.

Arpakhshad or sometimes spelled Arphaxad clearly Settled Ur in Sumer/Kengir or modern southern Iraq because he was the grandfather of Eber/Eiver the father of the Evri (The Hebrews). We know Avraham/Abraham was born in Ur, so Arpakhshad was the father of the Hebrew language. This also was to likely the early origin of Arabic as well.

Lud may have been associated with the Lydians of Anatolia or modern Turkiye but this is not known for sure. The sons of Lud long assimilated into the European steppe people and Greek people of western Anatolia.

Aram was the first Syrian and father of Aramaic and many peoples in modern western Iraq, Syria, Lebanon ( meaning white, Lebanon has the same verbal root as the Aramean Biblical charactor Lavan) . Ugaritic which is very similar to Hebrew is also likely from this also. As far as ancient Iraq, evidence looks like in southern Iraq or Sumer was a mix of Semitic and Hamitic ancestry but farther north in Iraq is fully Semitic linguistically. This could be why Sumerian is not part any known language family and is where language itself fractured at Babel.

Now let’s look at the sons of Ham here in Genesis 10:6

וּבְנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וּפ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן

And the children of Cham were Kush and Mitzrayim and fut and K’naan (Canaan).

Kush likely populated all of Sub-Saharan Africa because languages in the Cushitic language family which is part of the Afroasiantic language family makes the connection with languages spoken in the Horn of Africa like Somali with Tanzanian rift valley languages. It is speculated that people went south from the Rift Valley and populated southern Africa.

Why are Sub-Saharan African languages different from other Afro-Asiatic languages? Some Tanzanian languages have been connected to “South Cushitic languages. So there is a possibility that rift languages of Tanzania could connect midde eastern and north African languages with Sub-Saharan languages but so far only Tanzanian languages have been connected. I would say the Sahara Desert isolated people from each other and after long Isolation language drifted enough apart to be hard to connect, that is just my opinion. Pragmatically speaking yes there are languages that do not connect with the larger language families but for all the languages in a world of 8 billion people almost all of those languages connect to a few sources which is amazing. I think the tie between those few sources will come in time. I do admitt to a lot of speculation in this blog but I feel it’s sound speculation based on facts, facts supported by Genesis/Breishit .11 and the fact the Sumer/Emegir is an oddball language lends credence that a language revolution likely happened in ancient sumer.

On Tanzania from Wikipedia:

(The South Cushitic or Rift languages of Tanzania are a branch of the Cushitic languages. The most numerous is Iraqw, with half a million speakers. These languages are believed to have been originally spoken by Southern Cushitic agro-pastoralists from Ethiopia, who began migrating southward into the Great Rift Valley in the third millennium BC).

It looks here like north African languages can be connected with Sub-Saharan African languages.

Mitzrayim.

This is associated with Egypt and an ancient area called Nubia which is modern Sudan and South Sudan.

Fut is associated with Libya and likely the father of the Berbers and Chadic peoples of northern Africa. The country of Niger has 600,000 Berber speakers, so there is a clear intersection with North African and Niger, Nigeria and Chadic regions. I would say with high likelihood that Fut settled west of Egypt in the Sahara and some of his descendents settled areas like Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. (Nahum 3:9) Places Fut, Put or Phut ( Spellings vary) in Libya, which likely means the North African coast or Berber regions. In the Bible Fut has no children mentioned but the Berber/Chadic connection is very high in likelihood. Josephus also places Fut in Libya. So it looks like Kush settled some of Mesopotamia then went south into the Horn of Africa and then west into the Rift valley and south into southern Africa. Fut and Mitzrayim went from Sumer after Babel to north Africa and settled Egypt, Libya and driften south into Chad, Niger and Nigeria etc… If you read on the Afroasiantic language family this is evident.

K’naan (Canaan)

There is not much in the Bible on him other than a Kingdom and people named K’naan (maybe called K’naghan based on Arabic pronunciation of the letter ayin). Linguists classify ancient Canaanite as a Semitic language but they could have been children of Ham but took on the language of Syrians living farther north for whatever reason. Language not always equal ethnicity and Genesis also alludes to Hamtic and Semitic intermixing also

So to the eastern Asian languages.

As far as is known Chinese and other southern Asians came from Syn mentioned in Isaiah 49:12 and there is no indication which ancestry Syn or the Sin’im were from originally. We must accept that people intermingle and that human genealogy will never be easy or pure because the world has intermixed so much. The DNA in southern India is different than in the north and with the factor of continental drift and the fact that just after the flood all the continent were one

According to Michael D. Larish, the languages of Southeast and East Asia descended from one proto-language (which he calls “Proto-Asian”). Japonic is grouped together with Koreanic as one branch of the Proto-Asian family. The other branch consists of the Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan languages

There is also a proposed link between European, East Asian and indigenous American languages.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den%C3%A9%E2%80%93Caucasian_languages

Dene means “the people” in Navajo and other native American languages, hence Dene-Caucasian language connection.

It still looks good for one language origin, also Sino means Chinese, the Chinese call China Zhonghua meaning central Kingdom.

The Borean language theory puts puts Koreanic, Japonic and Indo-European under one umbrella but this is not proven but very likely.

Here is an article from the Guardian.

“Languages spoken by billions of people across Europe and Asia are descended from an ancient tongue uttered in southern Europe at the end of the last ice age, according to research.

The claim, by scientists in Britain, points to a common origin for vocabularies as varied as English and Urdu, Japanese and Itelmen, a language spoken along the north-eastern edge of Russia.

The ancestral language, spoken at least 15,000 years ago, gave rise to seven more that formed an ancient Eurasiatic “superfamily”, the researchers say. These in turn split into languages now spoken all over Eurasia, from Portugal to Siberia.

“Everybody in Eurasia can trace their linguistic ancestry back to a group, or groups, of people living around 15,000 years ago, probably in southern Europe, as the ice sheets were retreating,” said Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at Reading University.”

Here is a link to the full article

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/06/european-asian-language-tongue-superfamily

The purposed theory here is that there was one language in common in Russia thousands of years ago. So this is consistent with the Yamnaya and that the Scythians may likely have been the link with Russia and east Asia. If some off shoot of the Scythians went farther east Korea, Japan and China.

What about Syn in the Bible, Genesis 10:15-17 seems to imply that Syn was not a son of K’naan but a later descendant or perhaps a grandson or something.

¹⁵ Kena‘an (Canaan) fathered Tzidon his firstborn, Het, ¹⁶ the Y’vusi, the Emori, the Girgashi, ¹⁷ the Hivi, the ‘Arki, the Sini.

So how did Syn (or Sin) get to China, we do not know but here is a link to a article that may explain some things.

https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/lost-land-bridge

So is it possible that descendants of Syn crossed a land bridge from Africa and made there way to south east Asia? I think so.

Let us lay this all out as my own theory based on a lot of evidence. I fully understand that many of the language branch theories are not yet proven. I do think the evidence is devastating that all language came from one source. If it was really true that man evolved from apes then wouldn’t language origin go back to central Africa where science says man first became man. Science is clear that they think humans first walked upright in Africa, likely central Sub-Saharan Africa. So why did civilization first up near the Noachian Ark landing not Africa then? Can I prove the Borean language theory, can I prove that the Yamnaya were the Proto-Indo-Europeans? No! Regardless the overwhelming evidence concludes that all language had one source! When all the linguistic evidence is pilled up it all leads to a one language origin and that I proved! Let’s give a hypothesis:

And so after God confused the languages at Babel (Bavel is Hebrew for confused).

Yafet/Japheth and his sons (accept for Yavan) were the Yamnaya.

Yavan’s sons populated Greece and the Mediterranean.

Ashkenaz were Germanic and Scandinavian people (Corded ware culture maybe)

Rifat/Riphath were most likely Celts and Uralic Europeans also. It is unclear who exactly the Slavs were maybe also from Magog or Meshekh.

Magog is usually associated with Russia and Togarmah were central Asians and Armenians. Who were the Scythians, I don’t know exactly but they had conquests from Russia and western China and likely became Turkic and Mongolic peoples. The Scythians were most likely the ancestors of eastern Siberians, east Asians and later Native Americans. When Syn’s offspring crossed the African landbridge, east Asians mixed with Cham’s descendants in southeast Asia, eastern China and Australia and New Guinea and other Pacific Islan cultures.

Kush of Ham/Cham helped settle Mesopotamia with Shems descendants and then Kush traveled south through Arabia and into the Horn of Africa via Yeman. Then southwest to the Great Rift valley and then south to the rest of Africa.

Mitzrayim settled Egypt and Sudan and Fut became the Berbers and later Chadic people who went as far south as Nigeria and Cameroon.

Arpakhshad was the father of Hebrews and Arabs and Aram the Syrians and Lebonese. Ashur southern and central Iraqi’s via the Akkadian, Assyrian and Chadean empires.

This concludes section I on language and location.